Suchprofil: Ältere_im_Betrieb
Durchsuchter Fertigstellungsmonat: 02/22

Sortierung:
1. SSCI-JOURNALS
2. SONSTIGE REFERIERTE ZEITSCHRIFTEN
3. SONSTIGE ZEITSCHRIFTEN
4. ARBEITSPAPIERE/DISCUSSION PAPER
5. MONOGRAPHISCHE LITERATUR
6. BEITRÄGE ZU SAMMELWERKEN


****************
1. SSCI-JOURNALS
****************

%0 Journal Article
%J The Scandinavian journal of economics
%N online first
%F Z 440
%A Andersson, Ola
%A Campos-Mercade, Pol
%A Carlsson, Fredrik
%A Schneider, Florian
%A Wengström, Erik
%T The impact of stay-at-home policies on individual welfare
%D 2021
%P S. 1-37
%G en
%# 2020-2020
%R 10.1111/sjoe.12470
%U https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12470
%U https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12470
%X "This paper performs a choice experiment assessing the impact of stay-at-home policies on individual welfare. We estimate the willingness to accept compensation (WTA) for restricting non-working hours in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic. The WTA for a one-month stay-at-home policy is about $480 per person, or 9.1 percent of Sweden's monthly per capita GDP. Stricter lockdowns require disproportionately higher compensation than more lenient ones, indicating that strict policies are cost-effective only if they are much more successful in slowing the spread of the disease. Moreover, older people have a higher WTA of staying home than the rest of the population." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
%K Pandemie
%K Krisenmanagement
%K Auswirkungen
%K individuelle Wohlfahrt
%K soziale Isolation
%K Stress
%K altersspezifische Faktoren
%K soziale Kosten
%K Freizeit
%K sozioökonomische Faktoren
%K Schweden
%K D62
%K I18
%Z Typ: 1. SSCI-Journals
%Z fertig: 2022-02-04
%M K220121N15
%~ LitDokAB
%W IAB, SB Dokumentation und Bibliothek


%0 Journal Article
%J Empirical economics
%V 62
%N 1
%F Z 786
%A Azadikhah Jahromi, Afrouz
%A Callaway, Brantly
%T Heterogeneous Effects of Job Displacement on Earnings
%D 2022
%P S. 213-245
%G en
%# 1997-2016
%R 10.1007/s00181-020-01961-w
%U http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00181-020-01961-w
%U https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-020-01961-w
%X "This paper considers how the effect of job displacement varies across different individuals. In particular, our interest centers on features of the distribution of the individual-level effect of job displacement. Identifying features of this distribution is particularly challenging'e.g., even if we could randomly assign workers to be displaced or not, many of the parameters that we consider would not be point identified. We exploit our access to panel data, and our approach relies on comparing outcomes of displaced workers to outcomes the same workers would have experienced if they had not been displaced and if they maintained the same rank in the distribution of earnings as they had before they were displaced. Using data from the Displaced Workers Survey, we find that displaced workers earn about $157 per week less, on average, than they would have earned if they had not been displaced. We also find that there is substantial heterogeneity. We estimate that 42% of workers have higher earnings than they would have had if they had not been displaced and that a large fraction of workers have experienced substantially more negative effects than the average effect of displacement. Finally, we also document major differences in the distribution of the effect of job displacement across education levels, sex, age, and counterfactual earnings levels. Throughout the paper, we rely heavily on quantile regression. First, we use quantile regression as a flexible (yet feasible) first step estimator of conditional distributions and quantile functions that our main results build on. We also use quantile regression to study how covariates affect the distribution of the individual-level effect of job displacement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
%K Entlassungen
%K Arbeitsplatzverlust
%K Auswirkungen
%K Einkommenseffekte
%K Heterogenität
%K Arbeitslosigkeit
%K berufliche Reintegration
%K Lohnhöhe
%K Arbeitslose
%K qualifikationsspezifische Faktoren
%K altersspezifische Faktoren
%K geschlechtsspezifische Faktoren
%K USA
%K C21
%K J63
%Z Typ: 1. SSCI-Journals
%Z fertig: 2022-02-18
%M K220203OA4
%~ LitDokAB
%W IAB, SB Dokumentation und Bibliothek


%0 Journal Article
%J Economic Policy
%V 36
%N 108
%F Z 1091
%A De Paola, Maria
%A Nisticò, Roberto
%A Scoppa, Vincenzo
%T Employment protection and fertility decisions: the unintended consequences of the Italian Jobs Act
%D 2021
%P S. 735-773
%G en
%# 2013-2018
%R 10.1093/epolic/eiab015
%U http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiab015
%U https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiab015
%X "We study the effect of a reduction in employment protection on workers' fertility decisions. Using data from the Italian Labor Force Survey for 2013-18, we analyse how the propensity to have a child has been affected by the 2015 labour market reform dubbed the 'Jobs Act', which reduced employment protection for employees of larger firms while leaving small firms essentially untouched. We take a Difference-in-Differences identification approach and compare the change in fertility decisions of women employed in large firms with that of women in small firms. We find that the former's probability of having a child is 1.4 percentage points lower. A battery of robustness checks confirms this finding. The effect also holds when possible sorting issues are accounted for by an instrumental variable approach. We document substantial heterogeneous effects by age, marital status, parity and geographical area as well as by education and earnings. Our findings suggest the potential unintended consequences on fertility that labour market reforms introducing greater flexibility may have by heightening career insecurity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
%K Kündigungsschutz
%K Reformpolitik
%K Auswirkungen
%K Fruchtbarkeit
%K generatives Verhalten
%K Frauen
%K Großbetrieb
%K Kleinbetrieb
%K Arbeitsplatzsicherheit
%K altersspezifische Faktoren
%K sozioökonomische Faktoren
%K qualifikationsspezifische Faktoren
%K Italien
%K M51
%K C31
%K J13
%K J65
%K J41
%Z Typ: 1. SSCI-Journals
%Z fertig: 2022-02-22
%M K220209OEL
%~ LitDokAB
%W IAB, SB Dokumentation und Bibliothek


%0 Journal Article
%J Applied Economics Letters
%V 27
%N 20
%F X 099
%A McGuinness, Seamus
%A Redmond, Paul
%A Delaney, Judith
%T Minimum wage non-compliance
%D 2020
%P S. 1663-1666
%G en
%# 2016-2018
%R 10.1080/13504851.2020.1711503
%U http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2020.1711503
%U https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2020.1711503
%X "We use a unique question from the Irish Labour Force Survey that captures the reasons for workers being paid below the minimum wage. Compared to existing work, this allows us to more precisely identify sub-minimum wage workers. We find that 5.6 percent of minimum wage workers are paid below the minimum wage for reasons other than those permitted under legislation. This is considerably lower than estimates reported in the existing literature." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
%K Mindestlohn
%K Politikumsetzung
%K Geringverdiener
%K Niedriglohnbereich
%K Lohnhöhe
%K Rechtsanspruch
%K Anspruchsvoraussetzung
%K altersspezifische Faktoren
%K Irland
%Z Typ: 1. SSCI-Journals
%Z fertig: 2022-02-01
%M K220117NZL
%~ LitDokAB
%W IAB, SB Dokumentation und Bibliothek




**********************************
4. ARBEITSPAPIERE/DISCUSSION PAPER
**********************************

%0 Book
%1 Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (Hrsg.)
%A Bock-Schappelwein, Julia
%T Welches Home-Office-Potential birgt der österreichische Arbeitsmarkt?
%D 2020
%P 3 S.
%C Wien
%G de
%# 2015-2020
%B WIFO Research Briefs : 2020,4
%U https://ideas.repec.org/p/wfo/rbrief/y2020i4.html
%U https://ideas.repec.org/p/wfo/rbrief/y2020i4.html
%X "Home-Office war bislang, wenn überhaupt, ein Instrument, das nur von wenigen Personengruppen und häufig zeitlich beschränkt genutzt wurde. Mit den Maßnahmen der Bundesregierung zur Eindämmung der COVID-19-Pandemie wurde für viele Arbeitskräfte das Zuhause recht unvermittelt zur Arbeitsstätte. Auf Grundlage der Tätigkeitsschwerpunkte der unselbständigen Beschäftigung ermittelt das WIFO ein Home-Office-Potential von rund 45%; für Frauen fällt dieses Potential etwas höher aus als für Männer." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
%X "Until now, home office has been an instrument that was addressed to a small number of employed people, if at all, and was often only used temporally. With the measures taken by the Government to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, the home became a place of work for many workers more or less overnight. On the basis of employment by task, WIFO identifies a home office potential of around 45 percent; this potential is slightly higher for women than for men." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
%K Pandemie
%K Auswirkungen
%K Telearbeit
%K Arbeitsplatzpotenzial
%K abhängig Beschäftigte
%K Tätigkeitsmerkmale
%K geschlechtsspezifische Faktoren
%K Beschäftigungsentwicklung
%K qualifikationsspezifische Faktoren
%K sektorale Verteilung
%K altersspezifische Faktoren
%K Berufsgruppe
%K Substitutionspotenzial
%K Österreich
%Z Typ: 4. Arbeitspapiere/Discussion Paper
%Z fertig: 2022-02-08
%M K220126N5F
%~ LitDokAB
%W IAB, SB Dokumentation und Bibliothek


%0 Book
%1 National Bureau of Economic Research (Hrsg.)
%A Freeman, Richard B.
%T Planning for the 'Expected Unexpected': Work and Retirement in the U.S. After the COVID-19 Pandemic Shock
%D 2022
%P 33 S.
%C Cambridge, Mass
%G en
%# 2019-2021
%B NBER working paper : 29653
%R 10.3386/w29653
%U http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29653
%U https://doi.org/10.3386/w29653
%X "This chapter analyzes the implications of the unexpected 2020-2021 COVID-19 pandemic for work and retirement in the U.S. The pandemic induced the greatest loss of jobs in the shortest period of time in U.S. history. A slow economic recovery would surely have endangered work longer/retire later policies that seek to adjust the finances of Social Security retirement to an aging population. Boosted by the huge CARES (March 2020) and ARPA (April 2021) rescue packages, the early recovery from the COVID-19 recession was faster and stronger than the recovery from the 2007-2009 Great Recession. Even so, the pandemic greatly altered the job market, with workers suffering from long COVID having difficulty returning to work and more workers working from home. In its immediate effect and potential long-run impact, the pandemic recession/recovery is a wake-up call to the danger that shocks from the natural world pose to work and retirement. Realistic planning for the future of work and retirement should go beyond analyzing socioeconomic trends to analyzing expected unexpected changes from the natural world as well." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
%K Pandemie
%K Auswirkungen
%K Beschäftigungseffekte
%K Berufsausstieg
%K ältere Arbeitnehmer
%K Zukunftsperspektive
%K Umweltschaden
%K Rezession
%K Krisenmanagement
%K Arbeitslosigkeitsentwicklung
%K Telearbeit
%K soziale Ungleichheit
%K qualifikationsspezifische Faktoren
%K altersspezifische Faktoren
%K geschlechtsspezifische Faktoren
%K Farbige
%K Weiße
%K Asiate
%K Hispanier
%K Berufsgruppe
%K sektorale Verteilung
%K USA
%K C53
%K J01
%K J11
%K J20
%K J38
%K J26
%Z Typ: 4. Arbeitspapiere/Discussion Paper
%Z fertig: 2022-02-14
%M K220201N8T
%~ LitDokAB
%W IAB, SB Dokumentation und Bibliothek


%0 Book
%1 Global Labor Organization (Hrsg.)
%A Fumarco, Luca
%A Vandromme, Alessandro
%A Halewyck, Levi
%A Moens, Eline
%A Baert, Stijn
%T Does relative age affect speed and quality of transition from school to work?
%D 2022
%P 36 S.
%C Essen
%G en
%# 2001-2009
%B GLO discussion paper : 1010
%U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/248474
%U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/248474
%U https://ideas.repec.org/p/rug/rugwps/22-1037.html
%X "We are the first to estimate the impact of relative age (i.e., the difference in classmates' ages) on both speed and quality of individuals' transition from education to the labour market. Moreover, we are the first to explore whether and how this impact passes through characteristics of students' educational career. We use rich data pertaining to schooling and to labour market outcomes one year after graduation to conduct instrumental variables analyses. We find that a one-year increase in relative age increases the likelihood of (i) being employed then by 3.5 percentage points, (ii) having a permanent contract by 5.1 percentage points, and (iii) having full-time employment by 6.5 percentage points. These relative age effects are partly mediated by intermediate outcomes such as having had a schooling delay at the age of sixteen or taking on student jobs. The final mediator is particularly notable as no earlier studies examined relative age effects on student employment. We are the first to estimate the impact of relative age (i.e., the difference in classmates' ages) on both speed and quality of individuals' transition from education to the labour market. Moreover, we are the first to explore whether and how this impact passes through characteristics of students' educational career. We use rich data pertaining to schooling and to labour market outcomes one year after graduation to conduct instrumental variables analyses. We find that a one-year increase in relative age increases the likelihood of (i) being employed then by 3.5 percentage points, (ii) having a permanent contract by 5.1 percentage points, and (iii) having full-time employment by 6.5 percentage points. These relative age effects are partly mediated by intermediate outcomes such as having had a schooling delay at the age of sixteen or taking on student jobs. The final mediator is particularly notable as no earlier studies examined relative age effects on student employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
%K Jugendliche
%K Berufseinmündung
%K altersspezifische Faktoren
%K Arbeitsplatzqualität
%K zweite Schwelle
%K Lebensalter
%K Auswirkungen
%K Vollzeitarbeit
%K unbefristeter Arbeitsvertrag
%K Altersgrenze
%K Schulpflicht
%K Schulabgänger
%K Determinanten
%K Bildungsabschluss
%K Dauer
%K Nebentätigkeit
%K Bildungsverlauf
%K Belgien
%K Flandern
%K I21
%K J23
%K J24
%K J60
%Z Typ: 4. Arbeitspapiere/Discussion Paper
%Z fertig: 2022-02-08
%M K220126N5C
%~ LitDokAB
%W IAB, SB Dokumentation und Bibliothek


%0 Book
%A Gangl, Selina
%A Huber, Martin
%T From homemakers to breadwinners? How mandatory kindergarten affects maternal labour market attachment
%D 2021
%P 50 S.
%G en
%# 2010-2017
%B arXiv papers : 2111.14524
%U https://ideas.repec.org/p/arx/papers/2111.14524.html
%U https://ideas.repec.org/p/arx/papers/2111.14524.html
%U https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/vfsc19/203636.html
%X "We analyse the effect of mandatory kindergarten attendance for four-year-old children on maternal labour supply in Switzerland by using two quasi-experiments. Firstly, we investigate a large administrative dataset and apply a non-parametric regression discontinuity design to evaluate the effect of the reform at the birthday cut-off for entering the kindergarten in the same versus in the following year. Secondly, we complement this analysis by exploiting spatial variation and staggered treatment implementation of the reform across cantons (administrative units in Switzerland) in a difference-in-differences approach based on a Swiss household survey. All in all, the results suggest that if anything, mandatory kindergarten increases the labour force attachment of mothers very moderately. The effects are driven by mothers earning less than the median annual work income and by older rather than younger mothers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
%K Vorschule
%K Schulpflicht
%K Kindergarten
%K Auswirkungen
%K Mütter
%K Erwerbsbeteiligung
%K Reformpolitik
%K Altersgrenze
%K regionaler Vergleich
%K altersspezifische Faktoren
%K sozioökonomische Faktoren
%K Frauenerwerbstätigkeit
%K Schweiz
%K J18
%K J13
%K J21
%K J22
%K H40
%Z Typ: 4. Arbeitspapiere/Discussion Paper
%Z fertig: 2022-02-08
%M K220126N5G
%~ LitDokAB
%W IAB, SB Dokumentation und Bibliothek


%0 Book
%1 OECD. Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs (Hrsg.)
%A Hijzen, Alexander
%A Salvatori, Andrea
%T The impact of the COVID-19 crisis across different socio-economic groups and the role of job retention schemes - The case of Switzerland
%D 2022
%P 39 S.
%C Paris
%G en
%# 2020-2020
%B OECD social, employment and migration working papers : 268
%R 10.1787/38fc6bad-en
%U https://doi.org/10.1787/38fc6bad-en
%U https://doi.org/10.1787/38fc6bad-en
%X "This paper analyses the impact of the COVID-19 crisis across socio-economic groups in Switzerland and the role played by its short-time work scheme during the first year of the crisis until the end of 2020. To this end, it compares changes in hours worked for different socio-groups in Switzerland and other OECD countries, and then documents differences across groups in the use of short time work and in the risk of job loss. Finally, the paper investigates differences between groups of short-time work participants in terms of the reduction in working time, job search behavior and the risk of subsequent job loss. The evidence so far suggests that the Swiss short time work scheme as it operated during the first year of the COVID-19 crisis was fit for purpose." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
%K Pandemie
%K Auswirkungen
%K Beschäftigungseffekte
%K sozioökonomische Faktoren
%K Arbeitsplatzsicherung
%K Kurzarbeit
%K Kurzarbeitergeld
%K Arbeitszeitentwicklung
%K internationaler Vergleich
%K OECD
%K Arbeitsmarktrisiko
%K Erfolgskontrolle
%K geschlechtsspezifische Faktoren
%K qualifikationsspezifische Faktoren
%K ausländische Arbeitnehmer
%K Arbeitsuche
%K Krisenmanagement
%K Arbeitsplatzverlust
%K altersspezifische Faktoren
%K Schweiz
%K J01
%K J30
%K J08
%Z Typ: 4. Arbeitspapiere/Discussion Paper
%Z fertig: 2022-02-04
%M K220121N2W
%~ LitDokAB
%W IAB, SB Dokumentation und Bibliothek


%0 Book
%1 Universität Erlangen, Nürnberg, Lehrstuhl für Arbeitsmarkt- und Regionalpolitik (Hrsg.)
%A Prümer, Stephanie
%T Sector switching in Germany
%D 2021
%P 40 S.
%C Nürnberg
%G en
%# 1994-2018
%B Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Lehrstuhl für Arbeitsmarkt- und Regionalpolitik. Diskussionspapiere : 122
%U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/249148
%U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/249148
%X "Wechsel des Beschäftigungssektors im Laufe des Berufslebens, d. h. der Wechsel vom privaten in den öffentlichen Sektor oder umgekehrt, sind häufig, wurden bisher jedoch kaum untersucht. Mit Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels für Deutschland gebe ich Einblicke in diese Sektorwechsel. Außerdem analysiere ich, ob sozio-demografische Merkmale oder Einstellungen die Wahrscheinlichkeit, den Sektoren zu wechseln, beeinflussen. Ich zeige, dass Frauen mit höherer Wahrscheinlichkeit in den öffentlichen Sektor wechseln als Männer und dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Wechsels in den öffentlichen Sektor positiv mit Bildung korreliert. Demgegenüber sind Einstellungen und nicht sozio-demografische Merkmale für die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Wechsels in den privaten Sektor relevant. Ich folgere aus meiner Analyse, dass die Vertiefung des Wissen über Sektorwechsel das Personalmanagement im öffentlichen Sektor bereichern kann." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
%X "Changes in the employment sector over the course of a career, i.e., employees switching from the private to the public sector or vice versa, are a common phenomenon. These sector switches have hardly been studied so far. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel I give insights into sector switching in Germany. Further, I analyze whether individual characteristics or attitudes affect the probability of switching sectors. I show that women are more likely to switch to the public sector than men and that the probability of switching to the public sector is positively related to education. In contrast, attitudes rather than socio-demographic characteristics are relevant for the probability of switching to the private sector. I argue that deepening the knowledge of sector switching can enrich public sector human resource management." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
%K abhängig Beschäftigte
%K Arbeitsplatzwechsel
%K zwischenbetriebliche Mobilität
%K Privatwirtschaft
%K öffentlicher Dienst
%K erwerbstätige Frauen
%K erwerbstätige Männer
%K geschlechtsspezifische Faktoren
%K qualifikationsspezifische Faktoren
%K Persönlichkeitsmerkmale
%K Determinanten
%K Einkommenserwartung
%K Arbeitsplatzsicherheit
%K altersspezifische Faktoren
%K Bundesrepublik Deutschland
%K M50
%K J69
%K J45
%Z Typ: 4. Arbeitspapiere/Discussion Paper
%Z fertig: 2022-02-04
%M K220121N2Z
%~ LitDokAB
%W IAB, SB Dokumentation und Bibliothek


%0 Book
%A Westerman, Johan
%A Witteveen, Dirk
%A Bihagen, Erik
%A Shahbazian, Roujman
%T Career Complexity No Longer on the Rise : Comparing Early-and Mid-Career Complexity Across the 1930s thru 1980s Birth Cohortsin Sweden
%D 2021
%P 43 S.
%G en
%# 1968-2018
%B SocArXiv papers
%R 10.31235/osf.io/md4t3
%U https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/md4t3
%U https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/md4t3
%X "There is a wide-spread idea that contemporary careers continue to become ever more complex. Pioneering research of full-career complexity has shown that work lives have indeed become more complex, yet at modest increasing pace. This paper examines whether career complexity continues to increase using Swedish registry data across an exceptionally long time period, including younger cohorts than in previous research: up to those born in 1983. The full early-and mid-careers of selected birth cohorts cover several macroeconomic booms and downturns, a long period of upskilling of the Swedish labor force, as well as the convergence of working hours of women and men. The following conclusions are drawn using state-of-the-art methods of measuring career complexity. For early-careers, an increasing complexity trend is evident between the 1950s and 1960s birth cohorts, yet complexity fluctuates around a stable trend for the 1970s birth cohorts and onward. For mid-careers, which are considerably more stable on average, complexity has decreased among women born between the 1930s and the early-1950s. However, the opposite trend holds true for men, resulting in gender convergence of complexity. We observe a standstill of the mid-career complexity trend across both genders, followed by a modest decline for the last observed cohorts. Subsequent analyses point to educational expansion as an important driver of the initial increase of early-career complexity. Taken together, our analysis affirms an initial shift to more career complexity in the 20thcentury, yet we find no unidirectional trend toward more career complexity over the last decades." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
%K Berufsverlauf
%K Männer
%K Frauen
%K altersspezifische Faktoren
%K Berufswechsel
%K Arbeitsplatzwechsel
%K Unsicherheit
%K Arbeitsplatzverlust
%K Beschäftigungsdauer
%K Erwerbsverhalten
%K Erwerbsunterbrechung
%K Statusmobilität
%K Kohortenanalyse
%K Entwicklung
%K Schweden
%Z Typ: 4. Arbeitspapiere/Discussion Paper
%Z fertig: 2022-02-04
%M K220124N3R
%~ LitDokAB
%W IAB, SB Dokumentation und Bibliothek




***************************
5. MONOGRAPHISCHE LITERATUR
***************************

%0 Book
%1 European University Institute, Department of Economics (Hrsg.)
%A Grübener, Philipp
%2 Rozsypal, Filip
%2 Bacher, Annika
%2 Nord, Lukas
%2 Ferriere, Axelle
%2 Navarro, Gaston
%2 Vardishvili, Oliko
%2 Sachs, Dominik
%T Essays in Quantitative Macroeconomics: Income, Inequality, Income Risk and Optimal Redistribution
%D 2021
%P 191 S.
%C Florenz
%G en
%# 1950-2020
%X "This thesis contains four independent essays in heterogeneous agent macroeconomics. They explore the sources of income inequality and income risk and study the optimal design of public redistribution and insurance. The first chapter, joint with Filip Rozsypal, studies the origins of idiosyncratic earnings risk in frictional labor markets, with a particular focus on the role of firms for worker earnings risk. First, using administrative matched employer-employee data from Denmark, we document key properties of the worker earnings growth distribution, the firm revenue growth distribution, and their joint distribution. The worker earnings and firm revenue growth distributions exhibit strong deviations from normality, in particular excess kurtosis, with many workers and firms experiencing very small changes to their earnings/revenues, but a significant minority experiencing very large changes. Large earnings losses are more likely for workers in firms with negative revenue growth, driven both by separations to unemployment and earnings losses on the job. Second, we develop a model framework consistent with the data, with four key features: i) frictional labor markets and on the job search to capture unemployment risk and wage growth through a job ladder, ii) multi-worker firms to capture gross and net worker flows, iii) risk averse workers such that earnings risk matters, and iv) contracting with two-sided limited commitment because earnings of job stayers are changing infrequently in the data. Third, we use the model to explore policies designed to mitigate earnings fluctuations. The second chapter, joint with Annika Bacher and Lukas Nord, studies one particular private insurance margin against individual income risk only available to couples, which is the so called added worker effect. Specifically, we study how this intra-household insurance against individual job loss through increased spousal labor market participation varies over the life cycle. We show in U.S. data that the added worker effect is much stronger for young than for old households. A stochastic life cycle model of two-member households with job search in a frictional labor market is capable of replicating this finding. The model suggests that a lower added worker effect for the old is driven primarily by better insurance through asset holdings. Human capital differences between employed young and old contribute to the difference but are quantitatively less important, while differences in job arrival rates play a limited role. In the third chapter, joint with Axelle Ferriere, Gaston Navarro, and Oliko Vardishvili, we study optimal redistribution, taking into account not just the large income and wealth inequality in the data, but also the distribution of income risk that is key in the first two chapters. The U.S. fiscal system redistributes through a rich set of taxes and transfers, the latter accounting for a large part of the income of the poor. Motivated by this, we study the optimal joint design of transfers and income taxes. Within a simple heterogeneous-household framework, we derive analytical results on the optimal relationship between transfers and tax progressivity. Higher transfers are associated with lower optimal income tax progressivity. Redistribution is achieved with generous transfers while efficiency is preserved via a lower progressivity of income taxes. As such, the optimal tax-and-transfer system features larger progressivity of average than of marginal tax rates. We then quantify the optimal tax-and-transfer system in a rich incomplete-market model with realistic distributions of income, wealth, and income risk. The model features a novel flexible functional form for progressive income taxes and means-tested transfers. Relative to the current U.S. fiscal system, the optimal policy consists of more generous means-tested transfers, which phase-out at a slower rate. These larger transfers are financed with higher tax rates, but the taxes are not more progressive than the current system. The fourth chapter, joint with Axelle Ferriere and Dominik Sachs, also studies optimal redistribution, but instead of considering a stationary environment it analyzes the dynamics of the equity-efficiency trade-off along the growth path. To do so, we incorporate the optimal income taxation problem into a state-of-the-art multi-sector structural change general equilibrium model with non-homothetic preferences. We identify two key opposing forces. First, long-run productivity growth allows households to shift their consumption expenditures away from necessities. This implies a reduction in the dispersion of marginal utilities, and therefore calls for a welfare state that declines along the growth path. Yet, economic growth is also systematically associated with an increase in the skill premium, which raises inequality and the desire to redistribute. We quantitatively analyze these opposing forces for two countries: the U.S. from 1950 to 2010, and China from 1989 to 2009. Optimal redistribution decreases at early stages of development, as the role of non-homotheticities prevails. At later stages of development the rising income inequality dominates and the welfare state should become more generous." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
%K IAB-Linked-Employer-Employee-Datensatz
%K Einkommensverteilung
%K soziale Ungleichheit
%K Determinanten
%K Umverteilung
%K Verteilungspolitik
%K Optimierung
%K Lohnunterschied
%K Unternehmen
%K Lohnentwicklung
%K abhängig Beschäftigte
%K Ertrag
%K Umsatzentwicklung
%K Arbeitslosigkeit
%K Auswirkungen
%K Ehepartner
%K Erwerbsbeteiligung
%K Lebenslauf
%K altersspezifische Faktoren
%K Steuerpolitik
%K Sozialpolitik
%K Bundesrepublik Deutschland
%K Dänemark
%K USA
%K China
%Z Typ: 5. monographische Literatur
%Z fertig: 2022-02-14
%M K220121N3H
%~ LitDokAB
%W IAB, SB Dokumentation und Bibliothek


%0 Book
%1 Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung (Hrsg.)
%A Krebs, Bennet
%A Maier, Tobias
%T Die QuBe-Kompetenzklassifikation als verdichtende Perspektive auf berufliche Anforderungen
%D 2021
%P 75 S.
%C Bonn
%G de
%# 2011-2040
%B BIBB-Preprint
%U https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0035-vetrepository-779224-6
%U https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0035-vetrepository-779224-6
%U https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0035-0957-6
%X "Berufliche Zertifikate bescheinigen, welche Inhalte in einem formalen Bildungsgang vermittelt worden sind. Aus Warte der Kompetenzorientierung (DIETZEN u. a. 2016) interessieren jene Fähigkeiten, über die Individuen tatsächlich verfügen. Kompetenzvermittlung kann als eine Zielsetzung von Bildung begriffen werden. Für die Bildungs- und Arbeitsmarktpolitik ist von hohem Interesse, zukünftig nachgefragte Kompetenzen zu prädizieren, um Bildungsangebote entsprechend zu organisieren. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde im Rahmen des BMAS-Fachkräftemonitorings, welches auf den BIBB-IAB Qualifikations- und Berufsprojektionen (QuBe-Projekt) fußt, eine eigene QuBe-Kompetenzklassifikation entwickelt. Dieses wurde, anhand einer sich ändernden Nachfrage nach Berufen und Anforderungsniveaus, fortgeschrieben. Dieser Bericht stellt die Operationalisierung der QuBe-Kompetenzklassifikation anhand der BIBB/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragungen 2011/12 und 2017/18 vor. Es wird dargestellt, wie die 16 tendenziell überfachlichen, beruflichen Kompetenzerfordernisse modelliert werden, und wie sie miteinander korrelieren. Weiterhin wird eruiert, welche beruflichen Kompetenzerfordernisse sich empirisch nach Fachlichkeit, Anforderungsniveau, Alter und Geschlecht ergeben. Zudem werden die Kompetenzen mit individuellen Entlohnung und Berufswechseln in Verbindung gesetzt. Schließlich wird die Entwicklung der QuBe-Kompetenzerfordernisse im Zeitverlauf dargelegt. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass die QuBe-Kompetenzerfordernisse einen komprimierten Blick auf den vieldiskutierten Strukturwandel im Zuge der Digitalisierung ermöglichen. Es beweist sich insbesondere im Zeitverlauf: Während physische Kompetenzen wie Körperkraft und Fingerfertigkeit, aber auch Routine an Bedeutung verlieren, werden IKT, aber auch sozial-interaktive und methodische Kompetenzerfordernisse wichtiger. Insbesondere das Kompetenzerfordernis Management und Koordinierung ist mit einer hohen Entlohnung verknüpft. Indessen ist davon auszugehen, dass sich für diese Kompetenz auch zukünftig hohe Bedarfe ergeben. In Bezug auf den Arbeitsgegenstand vollzieht sich ein Wandel weg von Fähigkeiten im Maschinenumgang hin zu einer Expertise in Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie bzw. hin zu Dienst- und Hilfeleistungen. Berufe sind einzigartig. Sie lassen sich jeweils nicht über eine einzelne Kompetenz charakterisieren. Ihre Einzigartigkeiten ergeben sich aus dem Verhältnis verschiedener Kompetenzen zu- und miteinander. Das spezifische Kompetenzprofil, welches regelmäßig über eine einzelne Kompetenz hinausreicht, ist für berufliche Passungsfragen wichtig. Insofern lässt sich kein Patenrezept dahingehend ableiten, welche einzelnen Kompetenzen sich anzueignen lohnen. Empirische Befunde belegen: Lassen sich damit berufliche Aufstiege realisieren, werden größere Aufwände betrieben, neue Kompetenzen zu erlernen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
%K BIBB/BAuA-Erhebung
%K Kompetenzprofil
%K Kompetenzniveau
%K Berufsgruppe
%K Berufsanforderungen
%K BIBB/IAB-Qualifikations- und Berufsfeldprojektionen
%K Anforderungsprofil
%K Qualifikationsanforderungen
%K Entwicklung
%K technischer Wandel
%K Auswirkungen
%K Arbeitsmarktprognose
%K Klassifikation
%K Kompetenz
%K Tätigkeitsmerkmale
%K geschlechtsspezifische Faktoren
%K altersspezifische Faktoren
%K Einkommenseffekte
%K berufliche Mobilität
%K Berufswechsel
%K Bundesrepublik Deutschland
%Z Typ: 5. monographische Literatur
%Z fertig: 2022-02-01
%M K220118N0R
%~ LitDokAB
%W IAB, SB Dokumentation und Bibliothek



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